IDEAS ON THE SPEED OF
LIGHT AND DOPPLER EFFECT.
©
2013 Federico Talens-Alesson
Experimental error
Not long ago there was a news item
about neutrinos faster than light by about 5 km/s. Then it was
reported that the discrepancy was due to experimental error.
However, what the error means is that
it is not possible to tell apart between 300,000 and 300,005 km/s.
This in turns means that it is not possible to tell apart between
300,000 and 299,995 km/s. In other words, between 299,995 and 300,005
km/s it would not be possible to decide whether two speeds of light
are different or not.
The problem is that it also means that
it is not possible to tell if there is a range of speeds like, for
example, from 299,998 km/s to 300,003 km/s instead of a SINGLE speed
of light. Also, there is another factor being ignored.
Detection limits
In order to detect light, it must
impact on a sensor and cause an effect. What if there is a lower
speed limit for a significant interaction to occur, and an upper
speed limit for enough contact time for an interaction to occur
(Figure 1)?
The concept of “impact” in a
classical way does not make sense, because atoms are actually
embodiments of energy well apart from each other within matter, which
is mostly void. “Impact” would mean “sufficiently close”
near-encounter for an interaction between a passing photon and an
electron of a nearby atom to exist. Magnetism is related to
electrical charges in motion, and therefore an electromagnetic
phenomenon like light may well depend on the “energy” of the
electromagnetic package and the relative speed it moves by the target
(the sensor). Figure 2 shows an schematic.
Relative movement
If Earth is moving across space at a
certain speed (about kilometres per second), it is moving towards
some sources of light and away from others. Those sources have fired
away photons in Earth's trajectory, like bullets from the machine gun
of aircraft, or torpedoes from warships. Some of these photons keep
hitting the sensors on the surface or orbiting Earth (Figure 3).
Notice that the established theory
makes spectral displacement dependent on both the motions of the
origin and destination of the light. The idea is to pretend that
there is a wave “connecting” both, and that it must compress or
expand to respect the change in distance and the constancy in the
number of fluctuations in the wave. This means that the wavelength
must change.
This is actually nonsense because the
photons which eventually are impacting on a sensor are fired away
independently, and this means from different atoms in the originating
star. Therefore each would have their own “link” between source
and destination. Of course, this is not true: if you hold a flash
light, switch it on and off, and have somebody staring at it
afterwards, he will not see or be part of any electromagnetic
continuum across time and space. Photons are not linked to their
source's fate, whether displacement or destruction. Therefore, their
properties cannot be, either.
Also, if the photons would be “linked”
to their source atom, the conclusion would be that the wave path
would be linked to the movement of the atom and any relevant
restrictions, like the impossibility of the wave to cross forbidden
regions like the core of the star itself (on account of Tyndall
effect). The trajectory of the wave would have some strange spiral
form. (Figure 4).
The only likely effect of an
approaching object would be brightening, whereas a receding object
would dim. This would not alter the characteristics of specific
photons, but the amount of them by unit of area and time, assuming
that the difference between the speed of light and the speed of the
stellar body did not make this approaching/receding irrelevant.
(Figure 5)
The only reason this is pretended (that
there is a link between light Doppler effect and the relative motion
of two bodies in space) is that the alternative is that we do not
know on what direction cosmic bodies go. That would not be a bread
winner for astrophysicists.
Incoming photons travelling at some of
the possible speeds of light impact against sensor which is moving
itself. This means each photon will have an relative impact speed,
and this speed will define whether the sensor detects it or not,
pretty much like speed radars may be unable to detect cars travelling
too fast.
Because of the various bearings of the
incoming photons and Earth's own movement, photons “chasing”
Earth will travel at a lower impact speed than photons colliding head
on, which would hit sensors faster (Figure 6). As a consequence,
“head-on” photons will impact at higher speeds and it is possible
to assume that faster (higher energy) photons within these would be
too fast or energetic (“shift to the red”). “Chasing” photons
will impact at lower speeds and slower (lower energy) photons will be
too slow or weak (“shift to the blue”).
This would be consistent with a
different view of red-white-blue stars. Smaller stars would would
“fire away” faster photons than larger stars. As a consequence,
the fast/high energy photons of a red dwarf will be equivalent to
“head on” photons: to fast to be detected. The slow/low energy
photons of a blue giant will be equivalent to “chasing” photons:
too slow to make an impression (Figure 7).
It goes without saying that the
situation would be exactly the opposite to current understanding. But
there is a strong argument for my theory: I do not need space to have
an structure and fold due to gravity. Gravity can affect the
trajectory of photons because they have some mass, the constancy of
the speed of light is explained because it is the constancy of
detectable light, and space can be just void. In fact, it allows to
consider space folding as a reduction to absurd, which is what it
looks from a common sense point of view.
This opens an alternative explanation
to black holes: these would be black stars because due to the high
gravity the light would be “out of range”. I personally believe
it more likely that black stars exist because a partial explosion
vented the region of their atmosphere which would support the solar
corona, causing them to be unable to produce light at all, but their
light being completely out of speed range is still an alternative, or
part of the overall explanation.
